name: inverse layout: true class: center, middle, inverse --- # MonsterWM -- 兼谈 Linux 桌面最小化及定制 ~toy 2013.8.10 --- layout: false ## 个人简介 - 网名：Toy - 真名：徐小东 - 2005：GNU/Linux 用户 - 2006：创办 Linuxtoy.org - 2008：Gentoo 用户 - 2013：在乐看网工作 --- layout: false ## 三个使用阶段 - 传统桌面：开箱即用/不够灵活    - 轻量级窗口管理器：轻快灵活/多需配置   - 动态平铺式窗口管理器：做好本职/重塑习惯    --- layout: false ## 窗口管理的方法学 - 堆栈式：窗口重叠/内容遮挡/鼠标操纵 [](img/stack.png) --- layout: false ## 窗口管理的方法学 - 平铺式：一目了然/省心省力/键盘操控 [](img/tile.png) --- layout: false ## 终极选择 - MonsterWM + Bar + Dmenu + Feh + Scripts [](img/monsterwm.png) --- layout: false ## 选择理由 - 极度轻量级 - 动态平铺管理窗口 - 无需鼠标，全键盘控制 - 多种预设布局 - 平铺 Tile - 底栈 Bottom stack - 网格 Grid - 全屏 Monocle - 浮动 Float - 多显示器支持 --- layout: false ## 桌面组件 - 窗口管理器 - MonsterWM - 管理窗口位置 - 调整窗口大小 - 窗口边框及标题栏 - 任务栏 - Bar + Scripts - 启动应用 - 切换桌面 - 系统托盘 - 状态信息 - 文件管理器 - URxvt - 会话管理及其他 --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 安装 - 准备依赖：libX11 ```bash # apt-get install libx11-dev # Debian/Ubuntu # yum install libX11-devel # Fedora # pacman -S libx11 # Arch Linux # emerge libX11 # Gentoo ``` - 获取源码 ```bash % git clone https://github.com/c00kiemon5ter/monsterwm.git ``` - 编辑配置 ```bash % cd monsterwm % cp config.def.h config.h % vim config.h ``` - 编译安装 ```bash % make # make install ``` --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 配置 - 修饰键 ```c #define MOD1 Mod1Mask /* ALT key */ #define MOD4 Mod4Mask /* Super/Windows key */ #define CONTROL ControlMask /* Control key */ #define SHIFT ShiftMask /* Shift key */ ``` - 一般设置 ```c #define MASTER_SIZE 0.52 #define SHOW_PANEL True /* show panel by default on exec */ #define TOP_PANEL True /* False means panel is on bottom */ #define PANEL_HEIGHT 13 /* 0 for no space for panel, thus no panel */ #define DEFAULT_MODE BSTACK /* initial layout/mode: TILE MONOCLE BSTACK GRID FLOAT */ #define BORDER_WIDTH 2 /* window border width */ #define FOCUS "#956d9d" /* focused window border color */ #define UNFOCUS "#222222" /* unfocused window border color */ #define INFOCUS "#9c3885" /* focused window border color on unfocused monitor */ #define MINWSZ 50 /* minimum window size in pixels */ #define DESKTOPS 4 /* number of desktops - edit DESKTOPCHANGE keys to suit */ ``` - 常用应用 ```c static const char *termcmd[] = { "urxvtc", NULL }; ``` --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 配置 - 预设桌面 ```c static const AppRule rules[] = { \ /* class desktop follow float */ { "Dwb", -1, True, False }, { "Firefox", 1, True, False }, { "Gimp", 2, True, True }, }; ``` _Tip_：`xprop` 可获得应用的 class 名。 - 习惯按键 ```c static Key keys[] = { /* modifier key function argument */ { MOD4, XK_b, togglepanel, {NULL}}, { MOD4, XK_BackSpace, focusurgent, {NULL}}, { MOD1|SHIFT, XK_c, killclient, {NULL}}, { MOD1, XK_j, next_win, {NULL}}, { MOD1, XK_k, prev_win, {NULL}}, { MOD1, XK_h, resize_master, {.i = -10}}, /* decrease size in px */ { MOD1, XK_l, resize_master, {.i = +10}}, /* increase size in px */ { MOD1, XK_o, resize_stack, {.i = -10}}, /* shrink size in px */ { MOD1, XK_p, resize_stack, {.i = +10}}, /* grow size in px */ { MOD1|CONTROL, XK_h, rotate, {.i = -1}}, ``` --- layout: false ## 最佳拍档 - Bar：状态栏 _安装_： ```bash % git clone https://github.com/LemonBoy/bar.git % cd bar % cp config.def.h config.h % vim config.h % make # make install ``` _配置_： ```c #define BAR_HEIGHT 13 #define BAR_UNDERLINE 1 #define BAR_UNDERLINE_HEIGHT 2 #define BAR_BOTTOM 0 #define BAR_FONT "-*-ohsnap.icons-medium-r-*-*-11-*-*-*-*-*-*-*","-*-ohsnap-medium-r-*-*-11-*-*-*-*-*-*-*" #define COLOR0 0x1A1A1A /* background */ #define COLOR1 0xA9A9A9 /* foreground */ #define COLOR2 0x222222 #define COLOR3 0x8E5C4E #define COLOR4 0x6C7E55 #define COLOR5 0xB89F63 #define COLOR6 0x7FB8D8 ``` --- layout: false ## 最佳拍档 - Mobar：启动脚本 ```bash #!/bin/bash ff="/tmp/monsterwm.fifo" [[ -p $ff ]] || mkfifo -m 600 "$ff" # desktop names ds=("º dev" "© www" "¦ gfx" "Ï etc") # layout names ms=("þ" "û" "ü" "ú" "ý") while read -t 1 -r wmout || true; do if [[ $wmout =~ ^(([[:digit:]]+:)+[[:digit:]]+ ?)+$ ]]; then read -ra desktops <<< "$wmout" && unset r for desktop in "${desktops[@]}"; do IFS=':' read -r d w m c u <<< "$desktop" ((c)) && fg="\\f7" i="${ms[$m]}" || fg="\\f9" r+="$fg${ds[$d]} \\f9 " done r="${r%*}" fi printf "\\\l%s\\\r%s\n" "$r\\f4$i" "\\f8ê \\f3$(nowplaying) \\f8Ñ \\f4$(cpu) \\f8Æ \\f4$(mem) \\f8Ý \\f7$(net down) \\f8Ü \\f7$(net) \\f8­ \\f7$(wifi) \\f8Ì \\f5$(gmail) \\f8ð \\f5$(batter) \\f8í \\f5$(volume) \\f8· \\f1$(date +"%a, %b %d \\f8/ \\f1%R")" done < "$ff" | bar & # pass output to pipe and print to stdout monsterwm > "$ff" ``` --- layout: false ## 最佳拍档 - Scripts：cpu、mem、net、wifi、bat、gmail、volume、nowplaying ```ruby #!/usr/bin/env ruby # # name : cpu, cpu information for mobar # author : Xu Xiaodong <xxdlhy@gmail.com> # license : GPL # created : 2012 Jul 31 # modified : 2012 Jul 31 # def total stat_file = '/proc/stat' File.open(stat_file) do |f| values = f.readline.split(/\s+/)[1 .. 4].map(&:to_i) idle = values.last total = values.inject(0, &:+) return [idle, total] end end prev_idle, prev_total = total sleep 0.5 cur_idle, cur_total = total cpu = (((cur_total - prev_total) - (cur_idle - prev_idle)).to_f / (cur_total - prev_total).to_f * 100).to_i puts "#{cpu}%" ``` --- layout: false ## 如何启动 - ~/.xinitrc ```bash #!/bin/sh # # author : Xu Xiaodong <xxdlhy@gmail.com> # modified : 2013 Jul 23 # #-- font --# xset +fp /usr/share/fonts/ohsnap xset fp rehash #-- app --# xmodmap ~/.xmodmaprc & # swap Caps_Lock and Control_L urxvtd -q -f -o # urxvt daemon eval $(cat ~/.fehbg) # set wallpaper urxvtc -e sh -c "tmuxen" & # start tmux #-- wm --# exec mobar ``` - ~/.xsession _Tip_：如果你有显示管理器，那么需用此文件代替 `.xinitrc`。 --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 打开终端：Alt + Shift + Enter - 启动应用：Super + v (dmenu) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 切换桌面 (Tag)：Alt + F1 .. F4、Alt + Tab  --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口管理之平铺：Alt + Shift + t [](img/tile-stack.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口管理之底栈：Alt + Shift + b [](img/bottom-stack.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口管理之网格：Alt + Shift + g [](img/grid.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口管理之全屏：Alt + Shift + m [](img/monocle.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口管理之浮动：Alt + Shift + f [](img/float.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 切换窗口：Alt + j、Alt + k [](img/switch.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 交换窗口：Alt + Enter [](img/swap.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口移动之平铺：Alt + Shift + j、Alt + Shift + k [](img/move.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口移动之浮动：Super + h, j, k, l [](img/move-float.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 窗口移动之桌面：Alt + Shift + F1 .. F4 [](img/move-desk.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 调整窗口之平铺：Alt + l、Alt + h、Alt + o、Alt + p [](img/size-tile.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 调整窗口之浮动：Super + Shift + h, j, k, l [](img/size-float.png) --- layout: false ## MonsterWM 用法 - 关闭窗口：Alt + Shift + c [](img/gui.png) --- layout: false ## 资源链接 - MonsterWM 源码：https://github.com/c00kiemon5ter/monsterwm - Bar 源码：https://github.com/LemonBoy/bar - Dmenu 官网：http://tools.suckless.org/dmenu - Feh 官网：http://feh.finalrewind.org - 各种脚本：https://github.com/xuxiaodong/bin - 讨论：https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=132122 - 幻灯源码、所用配置及脚本：https://github.com/xuxiaodong/mwm-slide --- template: inverse ## Q & A --- template: inverse ## 谢谢大家！